Vertical opposed cylinder internal combustion engine



Aug. 18, 1931. J. L. BQGERTI 1,819,730

VERTICAL OPPOSED CYLINDER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE ori ixial Filed Qct. 11, a

I I 7/////II///// INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented Aug. 18, 1931 UNITED. S A ES PATENT; oFFICE Jorrn LAWRENCE BOGERT, or BROOKLYN, new ORK vEn'rroAL orrosnn CYLINDER INTERNAL COMBUSTION- ENGINE; I

Original application filed October 11, 1926, Serial 1%. 140,852. Divided and this applicationdiled June 13,

y 1929. Serial This application covers matter which originally. formed. part of patent application Serial No. 140,852, filed October 11, 1926.

My invention relates to improvements in 5 vertical internal combustion engines where power-producing. pistons reciprocate 1n ver tical or substantially vertical directions, in.

contradistinction to'horizontal internal combustion engines where power-producing pis- .10 tons reciprocate in horizontal or substantially horizontal directions; and the objects of my improvements are, first, an engine in which it is possible to have each individual connecting-rod transmit to its crank as much power while moving upward as while moving downward, thereby eliminating a serious difference in the torque developed by the same; second, increased power fora given length of engine;

third, reduced bearing friction; and fourth, 1:20 increased facility for the withdrawal of the pistons. I attain the first of these objects by providing mechanism wherein and whereby all upward-acting power strokes shall exceed in force all downward-acting powerstrokes by an amount equal approximately to twice the power needed to raise the weight of the reciprocating parts through the vertical height of their reciprocating paths. Thus if Lp is the mean piston load during up-strokes L.- .30 and down strokes and s the length-of stroke .of the upward. power strokes while 3, is the" length of stroke of the downward power strokes, pixsfmust exceed pXs by an amount equal to 2w where w; is theload on a v 5 k i du to the weight of all. the parts that reciprocate up .anddown' conj ointly with the equals p X 8 plus w, 8 must exceed 8 by 2w.

It is obvious that since theforce developed by the piston in any cylinder depends upon the product of the pressure by the area of the piston multiplied by the stroke, if the pressure and area remain the same the up-strokes I must exceed the down-'strokesin length to develop greater force and power.

I attainthe second and third of my objects by employing a swinging beam construction which serves to transmit the upward thrust of a power-producing-piston together with. 12 the downward thrust of another power-pro I shaft must beistrong enough to transmit'fthe;

connecting-rod. Since *pXs' -fw stroke. Withj33 inch cylindersthis'torque an d pointout the importantfdilference beducing pistontofthe same crank pin through aconnectmg-rod.

vl es in all vertical single-acting engines ofthe steam-hammer type,which prejudicial effect, increases'with the increase in thediameter of the pistons. j

In the' case ofdouble-acting vertical internal-combustionfengines ofjthe steam-hamnier typethis prejudicialeffect is so pronounced. as to; materially alter the stresses tran'sinitted tothef cranks on. up and downfis strokes "respectively. A double-acting 2- cycle vertical internal combustion engine of the stea'm-h ammer type whose output is as 1 much as 70.0. to 8OQc;hoi-'se-power per cylindermay transmit fivetimes as muchipower to the crank-shaft duringdown strokes as during up'stro'kes, It is evident that such englnes ware cuneconomical from a structural point of view,since eachcranlrof the crankmaXiinum stressto which it maybe subjected,and economy of material will be secured by reducing allsources of fluctuating torque.

"Ina double-acting 4-cycle'vertical internal combustion engine of the steam-hammer type conditions are much worse, since eajch crank issubj'ected to positive torque during 3 consecutive strokes and immediately thereafterto negative torque during the fourth n5 fluctuation may be as great as from 1,100 I horsepower positive to 700 horsepower. negative ,1 f i '1 v, ,1 claim broadlyjto be the first to discover a group of four whose power-producing pis tons, operating on the 4-cycle, transmit through the medium of a swinging beam to a common connecting-rod their alternating thrust; Fig. 2 is a plan view that shows the swinging beam which is a fundamental part of my improved engine construction, and also the way in which the four grouped 4- cycle pistons through their respective links engage pins attached to said swinging beam, so that each .f-GYClQ piston shall in proper rotation transmit its thrust to said swinging beam and through the beam to a common connecting-rod. v

1 is an upper cylinder, 2 an upper cylinder-head and 3 an upper piston. 4: is an upper piston link swivelling on a suitable wrist-pin attached to upper piston 3, and swivellingly attached to a suitable pin 16 to which also is swivellingly attached the upper end of the connecting-rod 17 In Fig. 2. pin 16 isshown engaging thepiston links of two'upper cylinders at its ends and the connecting-rod 17 at its mid length, swinging beam 13 supporting it on both I sides of connecting-rod 17 5 is a lower cylinder, 6 a lower cylindenhead and 7 a lowerpiston. 8 is a lower piston link swivellingon a suitable wrist-pin attached to lower piston 7 and swivellingly attached to pin 15 on the outer end of swinging beam 13. InFig. 2 pin 15 is shown engaging the piston links of two lower cylinders at its ends while swinging beam 13 supports it between the same. As fully shown in Fig. 2 swing ing beam 13 carries, a fulcrum shaft 14 which turns in suitable bearings attached to back framing 23 shown in Fig. 1.

' It is easy to see that lower piston 7, though of thezsame diameter as upper piston 3 and therefore of'the same area, develops more power than upper piston 3, owing to its greater stroke, the mean expanding gas pressure in both cylinders 1 and 5 remaining the same. Obviously the stroke of piston 7 is to the stroke of piston 3 as the distance of pin 15 from fulcrum 14 is to the distance of pin 16 from fulcrum 14. Hence it is possible to make the displacement swept out by piston 7, which is ameasure of its power sufficiently greater than the displacement of' to obscurity.

piston 3 to provide for the downward acting weight of the pistons, links, pins, beam and connecting-rod.

Furthermore, the drawings disclose a way in which a 4-cycle engine can be completely double-acting, since one of the two upper pistons 3 has a power stroke when the other has a suction stroke, their motion being downward, and correspondingly one of the two lower pistons 7 has a power stroke when the other has a suction stroke, their motion being upward. Thus the connecting-rod 17 which transmits the motion of beam 13 to crank-pin 18 of crank-shaft 20 is always delivering the thrust of one of. the four t-cycle cylinders 1,1 and 5, 5 shown in Fig. 2 regardless of whether its motion is up or down. Hence these drawings disclose a true doubleacting l-cycle internal combustion engine.

22 is a bed-plate to which are bolted back frames 23 and front frames 27, the'latter shown incorporated with lower cylinders 5. Stays 24 and 25 join front frames 27and back frames 23. Upper cylinders 1 are bolted to the top of back frames 23 and front columns12 which are mounted on top of front frames 27. 28 is the upper exhaust manifold and 29 the lower exhaust manifold. The valve gearing is sufficiently shown to indicate both the upper and the lower cylinders operate on the well-known l-cycle. The introduction into the drawings of more detail is considered objectionable, as tending Claims. 1 Q 4 1.'A vertical opposed cylinder internal combustion'engine in which power producing pistons reciprocatetogether in pairs in sub- I stantlally vertical directions, the lower ones developingpower only during up strokes and the upper ones only during down strokes, the lower pistonshaving the same area but greater stroke than the upper ones, in combination {with mechanism for turning reciprocating motion into rotary motion substantially as representedfand for the purpose set forth. r

2. A vertical opposed cylinder internal combustion engine in. which the power producing pistons of two single-acting cylinders reciprocate together in substantially vertical directions, whose piston lmksare swivellingly connected to different pins on the same swinging beam, the piston whose power impulse is exerted during 1113' strokes being connected by itspiston link to a pin farther from the fulcrum of said swinging beam than the pin to which is connected the piston link of the piston whose power impulse is exerted during down vstrokes, the areas-of both pistons being the same, in combination with mechanism for turningreciprocating motion into rotary motion substantially as represented and for thepurpose "set forth,

3. A vertical-opposedcylii internal combustion engine in which the power producing pistons of single-acting cylinders reciprocate together in pairs in substantially vertical directions, whose piston links are swivellingly connected to different pins on the same swinging beam, the piston whose power impulse is exerted during up strokes beingconnected by its piston link to a pin farther from the fulcrum of said swinging beam than the pin to which is connected the piston link of the piston whose power impulse is exerted during down strokes, the volume swept out by the upward thrusting piston being greater than the. volume swept out by the downward thrustingpiston, inv combination with mechanism for turning reciprocating motion into rotary motion substantially as represented and for the purpose set forth.

4. A vertical opposed cylinder internal combustion engine in which the power producing pistons of four single-acting cylinders reciprocate together in substantially vertical directions, the power impulses of two being developed only during up-strokes and the power impulses of the other two only during down strokes, the piston links .of the two pistons whose power strokes are upward being 'swlvelhngly connected to pins on a sw nging beam farther from its fulcrum than the pins to which are swivellingly connected the piston links of the two pistons whose power impulses are downward, all the pistons having the same area, in combination with mechanism for turning reciprocating'motion into rotary motion substantially as represented and for the purpose set forth.

5. A vertical opposed cylinder internal combustion engine in which the power producing pistons of four L-cycle single-acting cylinders reciprocate together in substantially vertical directions, the power impulses of two. being developed only during up ried by a swinging beam which oscillates up and down round a fulcrum and transmits rotary motion to a crank-shaft mounted in suitable bearings in a bed-plate thru a connecting-rod, in combination with a lower single-acting cylinder closed at its lower end by a suitable cylinder-head equipped with the necessary valves and valve gearing, and containing a reciprocating piston whose piston link is swivellingly attached to a pin carried by said beam andcfurther from its fulcrum than the pin to which is swivellingly attached the piston link of the upper piston, both pistons reciprocating in substantially vertical directions, and the lower piston sweeping out a greater volume than the upstrokes and the power impulses of the other two only during down strokes, the piston links of the two pistons whose power impulses are upward being swivellingly connected to pins on a swinging beam farther from its fulcrum than the pins to which are swivellingly connected the piston links of the two pistons whose power impulses are downward, the volume swept out by the upward thrustingpistons being greaterthan the volume swept out by the downward thrusting p1stons, n combination with mechanism for turning reciprocating motion into rotary motion substantially as represented and for the purpose set forth.

6. A vertical opposed cylinder internal combustion engine comprising an upper single-acting cylinder closed at its upper end by a suitable cylinder-head equipped with the necessary valves and valve gearing, and

containing a reciprocating piston whose piston link is SWlVBlllIlglY attached to a pin carlid 

